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Synopsis

How can your company take advantage of the subscription-based model, the most dynamic growth sector of the economy? Subscribed describes how companies from software-as-a-service to auto manufacturers, music providers to construction equipment manufacturers, are turning customers into subscribers by teasing out the service-level agreement that sits behind the product.

Questions and answers

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A subscription-based model can contribute to a company's market expansion by creating a steady stream of revenue, enhancing customer loyalty, and providing valuable customer data. It allows companies to predict revenue, making it easier to budget and plan for the future. The model also encourages customer loyalty as subscribers are more likely to stick with a service they pay for regularly. Additionally, subscription models provide companies with a wealth of data about customer preferences and behaviors, which can be used to improve products and services, and target marketing more effectively.

The adoption of subscription-based models is becoming increasingly popular across various industries. Companies ranging from software-as-a-service to auto manufacturers, music providers to construction equipment manufacturers, are turning customers into subscribers by teasing out the service-level agreement that sits behind the product. This trend is driven by the benefits of predictable revenue, customer retention, and the ability to scale.

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With consumers increasingly focused on access over ownership, the key is to start with the wants and needs of your particular customer base, then create a service that delivers ongoing value. This will require a new organizational structure; a shift in the focus of the sales, marketing, and finance teams; and, a new approach from IT. But, the initial drop in revenue and rise in expenses will be more than worth it.

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Some strategies for managing the transition to a subscription model include understanding the wants and needs of your customer base and creating a service that delivers ongoing value. This may require a new organizational structure, a shift in the focus of the sales, marketing, and finance teams, and a new approach from IT. It's important to be prepared for an initial drop in revenue and rise in expenses, but the long-term benefits can be worth it.

A company can balance customer needs with financial sustainability in a subscription model by focusing on delivering ongoing value to its customers. This may require a new organizational structure, a shift in the focus of the sales, marketing, and finance teams, and a new approach from IT. Despite the initial drop in revenue and rise in expenses, this approach will be more than worth it in the long run as it will lead to customer satisfaction and loyalty, which are key to financial sustainability.

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Whether for an established company like GE, a streaming service like Netflix, or a new service provider like Box, accessing customer data to create a subscription-based offering is the growth path of the future: companies running on subscription models grow their revenue more than nine times faster than the S&P 500.

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The subscription model influences market competition by accelerating revenue growth. Companies that operate on subscription models have been found to grow their revenue more than nine times faster than the S&P 500. This rapid growth can intensify market competition as it can lead to a larger market share.

The long-term prospects for companies adopting a subscription model are promising. Companies running on subscription models grow their revenue more than nine times faster than the S&P 500. This growth path is being adopted by established companies like GE, streaming services like Netflix, and new service providers like Box, who are leveraging customer data to create subscription-based offerings.

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Subscribed - Diagram 1

Summary

In today's digital world the focus is on the individual customer not on the product, and those customers prefer outcomes over ownership. Brick-and-mortar retail is transforming, focusing on customers' online experience and using the data gleaned there to inform the stocking of physical stores. The news industry is enjoying a renaissance thanks to online subscriptions; media is in a new golden age of on-demand streaming; and car subscriptions give access to a range of vehicles from the same company. Adobe led the way in cloud-based subscription software services, overcoming the initial drop in revenue and rise in expenses to reach a position of steady growth. With the Internet of Things even heavy equipment like construction supplies can move to a subscription model by teasing out the service-level agreement that sits behind the product. The subscription access model is being used in healthcare, government, utilities, and more. The customer-focused subscription company has to break down the old production silos and use customer data for perpetual innovation. It needs an IT system focused on the customer's entire subscription life-cycle. Pricing becomes the key metric and annual recurring revenue the cornerstone of the financial statement.

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How subscriptions are transforming industries

We are at a pivotal moment in business history, one where the world is moving from a focus on products to a focus on services, and where consumers are increasingly favoring access over ownership. Subscription-based companies are transforming business across a range of different industries. To turn your customers into subscribers, start with the wants and needs of your particular customer base, then create a service that delivers ongoing value. This is the growth path of the future: companies running on subscription models grow their revenue more than nine times faster than the S&P 500.

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The digital transformation

GE was #4 on the Fortune 500 list in 1955; as of fall 2017 it was still on the list, at #13. During the 2017 Oscars GE ran commercials with the tagline, "The digital company that's also an industrial company." This transformation is what has allowed GE to remain so high on the Fortune 500 list. Companies like GE and IBM no longer talk about refrigerators and mainframes, they talk about "providing digital solutions." Most of the companies that have stayed on the list for 60+ years have similarly transformed.

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The success of new market inventors like Uber, Spotify, and Box can be attributed to their innovative use of the subscription business model. These companies have gone beyond selling products and have invented new markets, services, and technology platforms. They have built direct digital relationships with their customers, offering them convenience and value through their subscription services. This model allows for predictable recurring revenue, deep customer relationships, and valuable customer data, which contribute to their success.

The subscription business model has significantly impacted the strategies of companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify. It has allowed these companies to build direct digital relationships with their customers, providing a steady stream of revenue. This model has also enabled them to continually update and improve their offerings based on customer feedback and usage data, fostering customer loyalty and retention. Furthermore, it has driven innovation, as these companies have had to continually find ways to add value to their subscriptions to keep customers engaged and prevent churn.

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Alongside these transformed companies are the 'new establishment' companies like Amazon, Apple, and Netflix—companies that were focused on building direct digital relationships with their customers right from the start. And then there's the up-and-coming new disruptors, like Uber, Spotify, and Box, who have not only gone beyond selling products but have actually invented new markets, services, and technology platforms.

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These types of companies—GE, Amazon, and Uber—have all recognized that we now live in a digital world, where customers prefer outcomes over ownership and the one-size-fits-all approach just doesn't work anymore.

The new business model

For the past 120 years or so, the dominant business model was focused on products: inventory, shelving, and cost-plus pricing. Companies were organized into product divisions, something that was exacerbated by the emergence of enterprise resource planning (ERP). The margin and supply chain economics ruled, with the goal of matching supply and demand with the least inventory possible.

Questions and answers

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The book 'Subscribed' provides insights into how companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify have successfully adopted the subscription business model by shifting from a product-centric approach to a customer-centric one. It explains that these companies have understood the changing consumer behavior, where customers prefer access over ownership. They want the service, not the product itself. For instance, people want to listen to music, not necessarily own the physical record. These companies have capitalized on this trend and have built their business models around providing continuous value to the customer, leading to recurring revenue and long-term customer relationships.

The book 'Subscribed' explains the shift towards the 'Age of the Customer' as a transformation in the business model where customers, being more informed than ever, prefer access over ownership. This shift is driven by the desire for immediate access to services without the burdens of ownership. For instance, people prefer the ride, not the car; the music, not the physical record. This shift has led to the success of subscription-based businesses like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify, which have grown revenues significantly faster than traditional retail sales.

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Today, that model has transformed. Customers are more informed than ever, and they don't want the burdens of ownership. Forrester Research says this is the beginning of a new 20-year business cycle that it calls The Age of the Customer. People want the ride, not the car; the music, not the physical record; and they want it now.

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The shift to a customer-centric organizational mindset challenges traditional business practices in several ways. Firstly, it requires a fundamental change in how businesses view their relationship with customers. Instead of focusing on selling products or services, companies must now focus on understanding and meeting the needs of their customers. This requires a deep understanding of customer behavior, preferences, and needs, which can be challenging to obtain and analyze. Secondly, it requires businesses to be more agile and responsive to changes in customer needs and market trends. This can be difficult for businesses that are used to operating in a more static and predictable market environment. Finally, it requires a shift in business culture and mindset, which can be difficult to achieve, especially in larger and more established organizations.

Startups can leverage the subscription model to better serve their customers and grow by focusing on a customer-centric approach. This involves gathering as much information about the customer as possible to better serve their needs. The subscription model allows for a continuous relationship with the customer, providing regular and predictable revenue for the startup. It also allows for the delivery of digital services, which can be easily scaled and adjusted based on customer feedback. This model is transforming every sector of the modern economy, making it a viable option for startups looking to grow.

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Today's successful companies don't start with the product, they start with the customer. This means that the more information they can learn about the customer, the better they will be able to serve the customer's needs. This shift to a customer-centric organizational mindset is a defining characteristic of the Subscription Economy. And it's happening right now because the advent of the digital age means that those subscriptions can now be delivered digitally. As a result, the subscription model is transforming every sector of the modern economy.

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The retail transformation

On the surface, the data says that brick-and-mortar retail is dying. About a quarter of the 1,000 or so enclosed malls in the United States are expected to close within five years, and Silicon Valley is convinced that Ecommerce is the future. However, over 85% of all US retail sales still happen in physical stores. Amazon now owns 460 Wholefoods stores and breaks out revenues from physical stores in its quarterly reports.

Questions and answers

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The subscription model can be beneficial for traditional retail businesses in enhancing their customer focus in several ways. Firstly, it allows businesses to gather data about their customers' preferences and shopping habits, enabling them to tailor their offerings and marketing strategies accordingly. Secondly, it fosters customer loyalty and encourages repeat purchases, as customers are more likely to return to a business where they have a subscription. Lastly, it provides a steady stream of revenue, which can help businesses to better predict their income and plan for the future.

Brick-and-mortar retail stores can adopt several strategies to keep track of their customers' purchases similar to Ecommerce platforms. They can implement loyalty programs where customers sign up and provide information in exchange for rewards or discounts. This allows the store to track individual customer purchases. They can also use point-of-sale systems that capture customer data at the time of purchase. Additionally, they can use technologies like beacons or apps to track customer behavior in-store. Lastly, they can collaborate with third-party data providers to gain insights into customer purchasing habits.

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It's not that brick-and-mortar retail is dying—it just needs to flip the script. For example, most Americans shopped at Walmart at some point in the past year, but unlike Amazon Walmart can't tell you what you last bought there. Once you pass the cash register, you fall out of Walmart's sight. The issue is not so much Ecommerce vs. traditional retail, it's that the likes of Amazon always put the customer first.

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Successful subscription companies—like Birchbox (cosmetics), Freshly (meals), and Fabletics (active wear)—have taken a customer-first approach to retail. They create fun, compelling experiences that get smarter over time. It's an approach that can work even with an expensive product.

Take the example of Fender, maker of amazing electric guitars for over 70 years. Sales of electric guitars are falling, and most new guitarists quit playing the instrument within a year. Fender needed to keep people playing, and to keep them as customers. So, the company came up with Fender Play, a subscription-based online video teaching service that encourages customers to keep playing.

Questions and answers

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The key takeaways from the book 'Subscribed' that can help a small business turn its products into subscriptions are:

1. Prioritize the online experience: Most people research online before buying. Use this to your advantage by creating an engaging online platform.

2. Use customer feedback: Companies like Birchbox use customer reviews to inform their decisions. This can help you understand what your customers want and how to improve.

3. Subscription model: This model has proven successful for companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify. It provides a steady stream of revenue and can help build customer loyalty.

Birchbox utilizes its online platform to inform the layout and stock of its physical store by analyzing the rankings and reviews from its website. This data-driven approach allows Birchbox to understand customer preferences and trends, which are then reflected in the layout and stock of its New York store.

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Studies show that most people research online first, then head to the stores to try out a product before buying. So, another key to today's retail brand experience is to prioritize the online experience. A smart company like Birchbox knows this and uses rankings and reviews from its website to inform the layout and stock in its New York store.

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The 329-year-old start-up

Husqvarna is a national institution in Sweden; founded in 1689, it manufactures equipment for forestry, lawn, and garden maintenance. And, it's embraced the subscription model with a service called the Husqvarna Battery Box. Subscribers in Stockholm pay a flat monthly fee to get access to all kinds of heavy-duty equipment, like hedge trimmers, chain saws, and leaf blowers, which are dispensed from a storage shed in a shopping center parking lot. When the subscriber is done, they just return the tool—freeing the customer from the hassles of storage and maintenance.

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Media's new golden age

The Golden Age of Hollywood ran from the late 1920s to the early 1960s, when the big five movie studios churned out dozens of films every week. The internet challenged this model of the entertainment industry—but some smart companies have made it easier to consume media through online subscription services. Netflix started streaming movies in 2007 and today has over 100 million subscribers. Spotify now has 50 million subscribers and is responsible for more than 20% of global music industry revenues. With algorithms and playlists, Spotify has added a whole new discovery layer of music.

Questions and answers

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The book 'Subscribed' discusses the shift in business models towards subscription services, which is highly relevant to the current trend of streaming video services. These services, like Netflix and Spotify, have seen significant success due to their subscription-based model. This model allows them to invest heavily in new content, attracting new subscribers and extending the lifetime of current ones. This has had a profound impact on the entertainment industry, allowing for more diverse and innovative content to be produced.

The shift towards subscription services has significantly influenced the strategies of companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify. These companies have adopted a business model that focuses on providing continuous value to their customers for a recurring fee, rather than a one-time purchase. This model allows them to predict revenue more accurately, build stronger relationships with their customers, and invest in improving their services based on customer feedback and usage data. For instance, Netflix invests heavily in new content to attract new subscribers and retain existing ones, regardless of whether a particular show is successful or not. This approach has proven to be very successful, as subscription services have grown revenues 8X faster than the S&P500 and 5X faster than US retail sales.

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Roughly two-thirds of all Americans now subscribe to a streaming video service. Streaming video on demand (SVOD) subscriptions now generate more than $14 billion in annual revenue, compared with nothing ten years ago. Freed from the blockbuster movie mindset of the old studios, today's entertainment industry is enjoying a new golden age, where streaming services can take a chance on smarter and edgier projects, like Stranger Things or Orange is the New Black. Netflix invests $8 billion a year on new content that both attracts new subscribers and extends the lifetime of current subscribers, regardless of whether a particular show is successful or not. This short-term spending boosts the company's profitability in the long run.

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Startups can leverage the subscription model to grow and be more customer-focused by offering consistent value and convenience to their customers. This model allows businesses to build a steady revenue stream and improve customer retention. It also enables them to gather valuable data about customer preferences and behavior, which can be used to personalize offerings and improve customer service. Furthermore, the subscription model encourages innovation as businesses strive to continually provide value to retain their subscribers.

The success of subscription services like Netflix, Spotify, and Adobe can be attributed to several key factors. First, they offer a wide range of content or services that cater to diverse customer needs. Second, they provide a convenient and user-friendly platform for customers to access these services. Third, they have a flexible and affordable pricing model, often with different tiers to suit different budgets. Lastly, they continuously innovate and update their offerings to keep up with changing customer preferences and technological advancements.

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The one genre missing from the universe of SVOD is sports. The UK-based company DAZN ("Da Zone") is positioning itself to be the Netflix of sports. It is currently hosting over 8,000 sporting events a year for a monthly subscription of $20 and is starting to win sports-rights away from major cable networks like Sky Sports.

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Transportation

Vehicle subscription has arrived. This is not the same as leasing, which ties you to a particular vehicle. With a car subscription, you get access to a range of vehicles from the same company; plus, you don't have to deal with annoying things like registration, insurance, and maintenance. You can get a subscription to Hyundai's new hybrid car, Ioniq, for $275 a month; Porsche's new Passport service gives you access to half a dozen car models; and Cadillac, Ford, and Volvo are starting subscription services.

Questions and answers

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Companies can adopt several strategies to transform their products into subscriptions and become more customer-focused. Firstly, they can identify the core value of their product and offer it as a service. This involves understanding what the customer really wants and needs. Secondly, they can use technology to gather data about customer behavior and preferences, which can be used to personalize the service and improve customer satisfaction. Thirdly, they can offer flexible pricing models that allow customers to pay for what they use or need, rather than a one-size-fits-all product. Lastly, they can focus on building strong customer relationships through excellent customer service and regular communication.

Uber is challenging traditional car companies by offering a subscription-like service. This service is similar to a subscription as it has the user's ID, payment information, and a history of their preferences. In some cities, Uber is even testing a flat-rate monthly subscription service that includes bundles of reduced-rate trips with no surge pricing. This model is a direct challenge to traditional car companies as it caters to the shift in customer preferences towards services.

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Car companies are reacting not just to the sea change in customer preferences for services, but also to the challenge of Uber. In many ways Uber is already like a subscription service—it has your ID, payment information, and a history of your preferences—and in some cities it is testing a flat-rate monthly subscription service that includes bundles of reduced-rate trips with no surge pricing.

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The book 'Subscribed' emphasizes the shift from individual product sales to subscription-based models. In the context of personal transportation, this could mean a shift from individual car ownership to subscription-based services. Key takeaways that can be applied include:

1. Leveraging existing advantages: Large automakers already have vast dealer networks and large-scale operations. These can be leveraged to provide subscription-based services.

2. Transitioning to fleet management: The future may involve less of individual vehicle sales and more of fleet management.

3. Utilizing financial resources: Large automakers have massive financial resources that can be used to facilitate this transition.

Traditional sectors like automakers can apply the subscription model to their operations by leveraging their existing advantages. They can utilize their vast dealer networks for distribution and their large scale of operations for managing a fleet of vehicles. Instead of focusing on individual vehicle sales, they can shift their focus to providing a fleet of vehicles as a service for a recurring fee. This way, customers can have access to a vehicle whenever they need it without the responsibilities of ownership. This model can provide a steady stream of revenue for the automakers and convenience for the customers.

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America's big automakers have some definite advantages when it comes to the next stage of personal transportation, and they already understand that in the future they'll be doing less individual vehicle sales and more fleet management. They have the distribution, with vast dealer networks; they already have a huge scale of operations, which will be hard for anyone else to beat; and, they have massive financial resources.

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Similar changes are happening in the airline industry. Surf Air gives members access to limitless flights for a flat monthly fee of $2,000. The subscription model gives the company predictive revenue, something that no commercial airline enjoys.

This new competition in the transportation industry is not just vertical—airlines competing with airlines, car companies with car companies—it's increasingly horizontal—light rail competing with rideshares and with budget airlines. France's state-owned railway, SNCF, realized it needed to compete with all these other modes of transportation to stay viable, so it launched a subscription service targeted at young adults, giving them unlimited rides for a flat monthly fee and using new software services to make sign-up easy. The result was astonishing—the company hit its annual growth target within a couple of months.

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Spreading the news

In 2008 The New Yorker declared that "newspapers are dying." But, the news industry is not dying, it's transforming. More than 169 million US adults read newspapers every month, in either print, mobile, or phone-format—that's almost-70% of the adult population.

Readers and publishers are embracing the paid subscription model for news, rather than the old ad-based business model. People don't like advertising in general; digital ads don't make sense from a business point of view; and ads risk turning content providers into clickbait factories. With an increasing number of customers comfortable with the subscription model thanks to services like Netflix and Spotify, people are also more likely to pay for online news content.

Questions and answers

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Other companies can apply the lessons learned from the transformation of magazine into a subscription streaming platform by first identifying their unique content or services that can be offered on a subscription basis. They can then build a platform to deliver this content or service, ensuring it is user-friendly and accessible. It's also important to maintain a balance between the new subscription model and the traditional business model, as seen in the case of the magazine where print still contributes to the revenue. Finally, companies should anticipate a gradual shift in revenue sources, with subscription revenues becoming a significant part over time.

The shift to a subscription-based model has significantly contributed to the success of companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify. This model provides a steady stream of revenue and allows these companies to predict future income based on the number of subscribers. It also creates a loyal customer base as subscribers are more likely to stick with a service they pay for regularly. Additionally, it allows for the provision of personalized experiences, as companies can track user preferences and tailor their offerings accordingly. This model also enables companies to scale quickly, as they can reach a global audience with digital distribution.

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Take Motor Trend magazine, which first appeared in 1949. In 2016 the company launched a subscription streaming platform called Motor Trend on Demand, which gives access to hundreds of hours of exclusive content. Today, less than half of Motor Trend's revenues come from its print edition and the company anticipates that recurring subscription revenues will soon account for 20% of its overall revenue.

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The newspaper mentioned in the content, Financial Times, has over 75% of their revenues coming from digital subscriptions. This is a significant percentage compared to many other companies. However, the exact comparison varies as digital subscription models and their contribution to total revenue differ greatly among companies.

The company gauges reader engagement by scoring every reader on the recency, frequency, and volume of their visits. This data-driven approach allows the company to identify and target churn risks with discount offers. By understanding the reading habits and preferences of their audience, the company can tailor their content and offers to meet the needs of their readers, thereby reducing the risk of churn.

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The Financial Times newspaper knew they would see a surge of traffic the weekend after the Brexit referendum, so they dropped their paywall and made sure the flood of new readers saw plenty of subscription offers—resulting in a 600% surge in the number of subscription sales compared with an average weekend. Today, the FT has more than 900,000 subscribers and over 75% of their revenues comes from digital subscriptions. The company also uses a simple framework to gauge reader engagement, scoring every reader on the recency, frequency, and volume of their visits, allowing the promotions group to target churn risks with discount offers.

Questions and answers

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Traditional retail businesses can leverage the subscription model to increase their revenue by focusing on building a strong relationship with their customers. This can be achieved by offering high-quality products or services that meet the customers' needs and expectations. Additionally, they can offer exclusive benefits to their subscribers such as discounts, early access to new products, or premium content. This will not only increase customer loyalty but also provide a steady stream of revenue. It's also important to continuously innovate and adapt the subscription offerings based on customer feedback and market trends.

Yes, there are several successful examples of companies that have transitioned from an advertising-based revenue model to a subscription-based model. One notable example is The New York Times. More than 60% of its revenue now comes directly from its readers. In the second quarter of 2017, for the first time, its digital-only subscription revenue exceeded print advertising revenue. Other examples include Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify, which have all seen significant success with the subscription model.

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Today, more than 60% of The New York Times's revenue comes directly from its readers. It has reached the crossover point where a dwindling proportion of its revenue comes from advertisers: in the second quarter of 2017, for the first time, digital-only subscription revenue exceeded print advertising revenue. And, it now has subscribers in 195 countries.

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Lessons from Adobe

In November 2011 Adobe CFO Mark Garrett announced that the company was going to stop selling its profitable Creative Suite software in boxes and would move to a subscription model. The company saw that its business was mostly growing thanks to price increases and not to a larger user base. Historically, Adobe had delivered product updates every 18-24 months, but it realized that users' content creation needs changed more frequently than that. By shifting to a cloud-based subscription service, Adobe could offer continuous innovation, digital services, lower monthly costs, and organically increase its user base.

Questions and answers

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Transitioning a company's products into subscriptions requires a strategic approach. Here are some strategies:

1. Understand your customer: Know what your customers want and how they want it. This will help you design a subscription model that meets their needs.

2. Pricing strategy: Determine a pricing strategy that is competitive yet profitable.

3. Offer value: Ensure your subscription offers value to the customer. This could be in the form of exclusive content, discounts, or other benefits.

4. Customer service: Excellent customer service is crucial in a subscription model. Customers should feel valued and their concerns addressed promptly.

5. Regular updates: Keep your product or service fresh and relevant by regularly updating it. This will keep your subscribers engaged and reduce churn.

6. Analyze and adapt: Regularly analyze your subscription model's performance and adapt as necessary. This could involve adjusting pricing, offering new features, or changing your marketing strategy.

Subscription services have significantly impacted the growth of companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify. This business model allows for a steady stream of revenue and has the potential for high customer retention rates. Initially, the transition to a subscription model may result in a drop in revenue and an increase in expenses. However, over time, expenses decrease and revenues increase, leading to substantial growth. This model has allowed these companies to grow their revenues faster than the S&P500 and US retail sales.

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Today, subscription services have become the tech industry's dominant business model after initially facing a steep uphill climb. Author's Thomas Lah and J. B. Wood call the transition period into a subscription model "swallowing the fish." Initially, the revenue line drops downward and the expense line curves upward; eventually, expenses drop and revenues curve back up again.

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Shifting from a unit sale approach to a subscription-based revenue model can present several challenges. Firstly, there might be a significant change in revenue recognition as subscription models often involve recognizing revenue over a period of time rather than at the point of sale. Secondly, the company may face resistance from customers who are accustomed to the old model. Thirdly, the company needs to invest in technology and systems to manage subscriptions, which can be costly. Lastly, the company needs to convince stakeholders, including employees and Wall Street analysts, about the benefits of the new model.

Adobe managed to change the perspective of Wall Street analysts towards their company by shifting from the old unit sale approach to a subscription-based revenue model. This required a strong commitment to communication, starting with its employees. Both the finance and product divisions had to adapt to this new way of doing things. This strategic shift in business model helped Adobe to present itself in a new light to Wall Street analysts.

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Subscribed - Diagram 2

This was the challenge that Adobe faced in 2011. The company tackled it with a strong commitment to communication, starting with its employees. The finance and product divisions had to get comfortable with a different way of doing things. They had to get Wall Street analysts to look at the company a different way, throwing out the old unit sale approach in favor of one based on subscription revenue.

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In three years, Adobe Creative Cloud grew from nothing to a near-100% subscription model. Its transition inspired Microsoft, Intuit, and others. Even hardware companies are looking at subscriptions. Cisco sells the routers and switches that forward data packets between networks. A few years ago, it realized that, thanks to cloud computing, its clients didn't need as much of its hardware. So, Cisco decided to go all-in on services, focusing on the data inside all the hardware. Its latest hardware comes embedded with machine learning and an analytics software platform, offering ongoing value to clients. Today almost a third of its revenue is recurring.

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Businesses can gain significant competitive advantages from understanding their customers' needs through IoT. Firstly, it allows businesses to tailor their products or services to meet the specific needs of their customers, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. Secondly, it provides valuable insights into customer behavior and preferences, which can be used to drive innovation and create new revenue streams. Lastly, it enables businesses to predict future trends and stay ahead of the competition.

The Internet of Things (IoT) contributes to the success of the subscription model in businesses by enabling companies to understand their customers' needs better. IoT devices can collect and analyze data about how customers use products or services. This information can be used to tailor offerings to individual customer preferences, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, IoT can facilitate the transition of traditional product-based businesses to service-based subscription models. For example, a company selling heavy equipment can use IoT to monitor the equipment's usage and performance, and then offer a subscription service for maintaining and servicing the equipment based on the collected data.

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The Internet of Things

Thanks to IoT—the Internet of Things—even heavy equipment like buildings and construction supplies can move to a subscription model by teasing out the service-level agreement that sits behind the product. IoT lets you learn what your customers really want; and, that relationship with your customers becomes your real competitive advantage.

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The themes of "Subscribed" are highly relevant to contemporary issues and debates in the manufacturing sector. The book discusses the shift from product-based to service-based business models, facilitated by the Internet of Things (IoT). This is a key topic in the manufacturing sector today, as businesses are investing heavily in sensors and connectivity to improve efficiency and productivity. The book's focus on subscription services also aligns with the trend towards servitization in manufacturing, where companies are offering comprehensive solutions rather than just products.

The book "Subscribed" provides key examples of companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify that have successfully transitioned to a subscription-based business model. This model has allowed these companies to grow their revenues significantly faster than traditional retail businesses. The broader implications for the manufacturing industry include a shift from product-based to service-based models, enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT). Manufacturers are investing in sensors and connectivity to collect and transmit data, improving efficiency and productivity. This is just the first stage of a manufacturing revolution, with a wider realm of possibilities on the horizon.

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Take construction: surveying a site is an inefficient process that can take weeks. Komatsu, one of the world's oldest construction and mining equipment manufacturers, can now survey a site in 30 minutes thanks to its Smart Construction service. A Komatsu team uses a fleet of drones to create a 3D-rendered topographical model of the site. The company then uses this model and runs thousands of AI-enabled simulations to generate the best project plan, including equipment and labor scheduling. That plan can then be fed into a fleet of semiautonomous excavators, bulldozers, and backhoes—giant robots that take care of the project. Instead of asking, "How many trucks can I sell you," companies like Komatsu ask their clients, "How much dirt do you need to move?"

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General Electric has utilized data services to improve their maintenance procedures by operating its own social network for industrial machinery. This network includes data on fuel consumption, usage hours, and decay rates. Instead of relying on expensive and labor-intensive mass maintenance procedures to catch problems, the network sends relevant signals from individual assets. This allows General Electric to identify and fix problems much faster.

General Electric's data services business has transformed its maintenance procedures and improved efficiency by operating its own social network for industrial machinery. This network includes data on fuel consumption, usage hours, and decay rates. Instead of relying on expensive and labor-intensive mass maintenance procedures to catch problems, the network sends relevant signals from individual assets. This allows General Electric to identify and fix problems much faster, improving efficiency.

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Today, we are on the verge of a manufacturing revolution, with a shift from products to services made possible by the advent of IoT. Manufacturing businesses around the world are investing heavily in sensors and connectivity, tools that will allow them to collect and transmit data. In this first stage of the revolution, IoT is focused on diagnostic systems that improve efficiency and productivity. Pretty soon, we'll be moving into a wider realm of possibilities.

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Companies can adopt several innovative strategies to transform their products into subscription services. Firstly, they can view their products as whole systems rather than individual units, focusing on delivering outcomes rather than just products. Secondly, they can offer different purchase plans to cater to various customer needs, such as outright purchase, monthly subscriptions, or discounted bundles with partners. Lastly, they can leverage the usage data from their customers to provide additional value, such as trading information across multiple suppliers.

The concept of viewing products as whole systems challenges traditional business practices by shifting the focus from selling individual units to delivering comprehensive outcomes. This approach allows companies to understand and cater to the actual needs of their customers, rather than just selling them a product. It also opens up opportunities for companies to sell the same information to different types of customers, thereby diversifying their revenue streams. For instance, a company selling a smart thermostat can also leverage the usage data from its customers to trade information across multiple suppliers. This not only adds value to the product but also helps in creating a more sustainable and efficient business model.

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Take the company General Electric, maker of everything from kitchen appliances to oil rigs. GE now has a thriving data services business, operating its own social network for industrial machinery that includes data on fuel consumption, usage hours, and decay rates. Thanks to this network, GE doesn't have to rely on expensive and labor-intensive mass maintenance procedures to catch problems—its network sends the relevant signals from individual assets, allowing GE to fix problems much faster.

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With this level of connectivity, companies can view their products as whole systems, not individual units sold to strangers. They can give their customers what they really want—an outcome, not a product. Companies can also sell the same information to different types of customers. For example, Swedish company Ngenic sells a smart thermostat and offers three basic purchase plans: buy the unit outright; buy it for less with a small monthly subscription; or, buy it as part of a discounted bundle with an energy provider. By partnering with suppliers, it helps its customers to save energy and it conducts arbitrage with wholesalers to buy more electricity when it is cheaper. Ngenic's real value is not the device but the usage data from its customers that allows it to trade information across multiple suppliers.

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No more ownership

Ownership is no longer the imperative; access is. Subscription companies are growing eight times faster than the S&P 500 and five times faster than US retail sales. And, the model can be used everywhere.

Healthcare

The industry is transitioning—pharmacy chain CVS is buying insurance giant Aetna in reaction to the competition it faces from Amazon. New subscription-based primary care groups like One Medical offer same-day appointments. Magellan Health connects behavioral, physical, pharmaceutical, and social needs.

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The book "Subscribed" presents several innovative ideas that can be applied to government transactions. One of the key ideas is the use of subscription models for providing services. This can be applied to government transactions by offering citizens a subscription for access to various government services, similar to how residents of New South Wales, Australia, can log onto Service NSW for access to more than 800 different government transactions. Another idea is the use of real-time data to streamline processes. For example, in Estonia, people use a one-click system that authorizes an online tax statement that's been fed real-time financial data over the previous year. This could be applied to various government transactions to make them more efficient and user-friendly.

Real-time financial data feeding in the context of online tax statements refers to the automatic and instantaneous transfer of financial data to tax authorities. This data includes income, expenses, and other relevant financial information. The concept is designed to simplify and expedite the tax filing process. For instance, in Estonia, an online tax statement system is fed real-time financial data over the previous year, allowing taxpayers to authorize their tax statements with a single click. This eliminates the need for manual data entry and reduces the likelihood of errors, making the tax filing process more efficient and accurate.

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Government

In Estonia, people don't just pay their taxes online, they use a one-click system that authorizes an online tax statement that's been fed real-time financial data over the previous year. Residents of New South Wales, Australia, can log onto Service NSW for access to more than 800 different government transactions.

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Chegg's success in offering online rentals can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, they identified a pain point for students - the high cost of textbooks - and offered a cost-effective solution. Secondly, they leveraged technology to provide easy access to their services. This model not only made education resources more affordable but also more accessible, contributing to the democratization of education. The broader implications in the education sector include a shift towards more digital, accessible, and affordable resources. It also sets a precedent for other companies to innovate and disrupt traditional models in the education sector.

The book 'Subscribed' presents several innovative ideas regarding the growth of subscription services. One of the key ideas is the shift from product ownership to usership, where customers pay for the service as long as they use it. This model is seen in companies like Netflix and Spotify. Another idea is the use of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) by colleges and universities, which allows a large number of students to learn remotely. Professional learning platforms like Lynda.com, Kaplan, and Udemy have also seen explosive growth with this model. Furthermore, textbook publishers are offering online rentals, moving away from traditional sales.

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Education

Many colleges and universities are experimenting with MOOCs—Massive Open Online Courses. Professional learning platforms like Lynda.com, Kaplan, and Udemy are enjoying explosive growth. Textbook publishers, from established firms like Houghton Mifflin Harcourt to newcomers like Chegg, are offering online rentals.

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Insurance

Metromile offers pay-per-mile insurance via a simple connected device that fits in your car's OBD II port.

Pet care

Retail pet food companies are becoming digital pet health services, sending you the right food and products for your pet based on age, breed, and so on.

Utilities

Consumption-based digital services like SolarCity enable solar-powered homes to sell electricity back to the grid.

Applying the subscription model

You can apply the subscription model across every aspect of your company; the following sections describe how. It all starts with a moment of shock.

No more silos

The video game industry is following the wider media industry, with falling sales of physical discs and rising online streaming subscriptions. Creating a new game costs billions of dollars, with studios typically taking two years to produce a new title, and marketing it can cost billions more. Imagine you're a developer and you tell your company: we can charge $5 a month for a subscription and offer lots of downloadable new content, giving us stable and recurring revenue. Win, win, right?

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Sales and marketing teams can shift their focus from selling a transaction to selling a relationship by adopting a customer-centric approach. This involves understanding the customer's needs, preferences, and behavior patterns. They should aim to build long-term relationships with customers by providing value beyond the product or service itself. This could include offering personalized experiences, exceptional customer service, and regular engagement through various channels. It's also important to gather and analyze customer feedback to continuously improve and adapt to their changing needs.

Transitioning from a product-based company to a customer-focused company involves several strategies. Firstly, the company structure needs to change from being divided into silos to a more integrated approach. This means that employees need to think in new ways. For finance, the focus should shift from unit sales to pricing, packaging, and analytics. Sales and marketing should transition from selling a transaction to selling a relationship. Lastly, the designers and inventors, who are at the heart of the organization, need to turn a great product into a great service.

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Odds are, management will hate the idea. Marketing doesn't want to give up its big-media-blitz launch days; development has to come up with a whole new fluid-production schedule; finance doesn't know how to make the numbers work. The shock is all too much.

The twentieth-century product-based company was divided into silos, but in the new customer-focused company those silos have to come down and employees have to think in new ways. For finance, that means stop focusing on unit sales and start looking at pricing, packaging, and analytics. Sales and marketing have to shift from selling a transaction to selling a relationship. And, the people at the heart of the organization—the designers and inventors—have to turn a great product into a great service.

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Perpetual innovation

Innovation is iterative; and the best way to innovate is to enlist your customers as your partners, making a living, breathing experience instead of a static product. The idea is to create an environment that supports sustainable development.

The UK snack box company Graze exemplifies this approach. Every couple of weeks they send subscribers a box of four different snacks and ask for feedback in a simple online form. When they launched recently in the US, Graze didn't bother with a lot of market research, they just used their existing model—because it's a system that adjusts itself. The Graze team just watched the numbers come in on the review dashboard and adjusted their product distribution accordingly. They designed their service in conjunction with their subscribers—no more focus groups or phone surveys—and had their US distribution all figured out in under four months.

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The subscription business model has significantly influenced the strategies of companies like Amazon, Facebook, and Apple. These companies have implemented dashboards that allow them to monitor customer activities, enabling them to make informed decisions about resource allocation and the development of new services. For instance, Amazon has Amazon Prime, a subscription service that offers numerous benefits to its members. Facebook, while primarily ad-driven, has also explored subscription models for certain features. Apple has multiple subscription services like Apple Music, iCloud, and Apple TV+. These services provide a steady revenue stream and enhance customer loyalty.

Startups can leverage customer data in several ways to make smarter decisions and grow their business. Firstly, they can use data to understand customer behavior and preferences, which can inform product development and marketing strategies. Secondly, data can be used to personalize customer experiences, similar to how Amazon recommends products based on browsing and purchase history. Thirdly, startups can use data to identify trends and opportunities for growth. Lastly, data can be used to measure the effectiveness of business strategies and make necessary adjustments. It's important to note that any use of customer data should comply with privacy laws and regulations.

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Netflix also uses a form of perpetual innovation. It never orders pilots. For a show like House of Cards it knows there's an audience for political drama with popular actors, so it orders the whole show. Thanks to its fabulous user data, it has all the insights into what is going to be popular right at its fingertips.

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Companies like Amazon, Facebook, and Apple (or, in China, Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent) have dashboards that let them see what their customers are doing, allowing them to make smarter decisions about allocating resources and spinning up new services. Starbucks has the Starbucks ID—it includes things like payment information, purchase activity, and some demographic details. Today, more than 13 million people have a Starbucks ID, representing more than a third of US company-operated sales, and one in every ten transactions in a US store is handled with its mobile app.

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The shift from the traditional four Ps of marketing to a customer-focused subscription model has significantly impacted businesses like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify. This model has allowed these companies to grow their revenues at a much faster rate than traditional retail sales. The focus on the customer, rather than the product, has enabled these companies to better meet the needs and wants of their customers, leading to increased customer loyalty and retention. This shift has also allowed these companies to predict revenue and growth more accurately, as subscriptions provide a steady stream of income.

Transitioning from the traditional four Ps of marketing (Product, Price, Promotion, and Place) to a subscription-based model implies a shift in focus from the product to the customer. This change can have several implications:

1. Customer Retention: In a subscription model, customer retention becomes more important than customer acquisition. The success of the business depends on the ability to keep customers subscribed over a long period.

2. Value Proposition: The value proposition shifts from a single product or service to a continuous delivery of value. This requires constant innovation and improvement of the product or service.

3. Revenue Predictability: Subscription models provide more predictable and stable revenue streams. However, they may also require more upfront investment to acquire and retain customers.

4. Customer Relationship: The relationship with the customer becomes more important. Companies need to invest in customer service and engagement strategies to keep customers satisfied and loyal.

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Marketing and pricing

In the Mad Men days of marketing the focus was on the four Ps: product, price, promotion, and place. Advertising was all about pushing the product through channels and creating customer pull—driving customers to the channels to ask for your product. In the subscription model, however, the focus is on the customer, so this approach changes.

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The concept of pricing an outcome challenges traditional business models by shifting the focus from the cost of production to the value delivered to the customer. Traditional models often price products based on the cost of production plus a profit margin. However, in outcome-based pricing, the price is determined by the value or outcome the customer receives. This can be challenging as it requires a deep understanding of the customer's needs and the value they perceive. It also necessitates a shift in business operations to focus on delivering value, rather than just producing a product or service.

Effective pricing strategies for subscription services include:

1. Value-based pricing: This involves setting prices primarily, but not exclusively, on the value perceived or estimated by the customer rather than on the cost of the product or historical prices.

2. Tiered pricing: Offering different pricing tiers with varying levels of service can cater to a wider range of customers and their willingness to pay.

3. Freemium model: This involves offering basic services for free, while charging for premium features. This can be an effective way to attract new users and convert them into paying customers.

4. Flat rate pricing: This is a simple and straightforward pricing model where customers pay a fixed price for access to a product or service. This can be effective for services with consistent usage.

5. Usage-based pricing: In this model, customers are charged based on their usage of the service. This can be effective for services where usage varies significantly among customers.

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Instead of placing your product in specific locations, the focus must be on managing a one-on-one relationship with the customer over time. With commercial transactions increasingly mediated through social experiences, the focus shifts to telling a story rather than trying to promote the product through ads. This means telling the story of your service and your users within a broader social narrative: first, articulate the context of your company; then, the value to the customer; and finally, the specifics of the product itself.

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A startup can leverage the concept of tying consumption to value for its subscription services by identifying the right unit that correlates consumption to value. This could be a feature, service level, or any other aspect that the customer perceives as valuable. The startup should then create a growth path where customers can add more services or features as their needs expand. This strategy encourages customers to upgrade their subscription, thus increasing their consumption and the value they get from the service. It's important to analyze customer data to understand their needs and consumption patterns to implement this effectively.

A small business can utilize customer data to create a sustainable growth path by understanding their customers' needs and preferences. This can be done by analyzing the data to identify patterns and trends. For instance, if a majority of customers are subscribed to the basic package, the business can introduce additional features or services that these customers might find valuable. This not only increases the value proposition for the customers but also creates a growth path for the business. Furthermore, customer data can also be used to improve the business's products or services, enhance customer service, and make informed business decisions.

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Pricing is one of the most powerful growth levers for subscription services; in fact, it is the most important of the four Ps. It's also the trickiest, as you have to price an outcome rather than the cost of making a product for a profit. Give too much away for free and you'll spend years chasing down miniscule conversion rates. Make things too complicated and people won't sign up. A flat rate is simple, but you may have a few people being very heavy users of the service.

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The sweet spot is when customers are happy to add more services for more money. If 70% of your subscribers are in your basic package, then you have a respectable entry-level service—but one that is not sustainable. You need a growth path. This means picking the right unit that ties consumption to value. Similarly, the right packaging allows subscribers to add more features as their needs expand. The good news is, all the information you need to figure this out is already available, in your customer data.

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The book 'Subscribed' is highly relevant to contemporary debates about customer information management in the subscription economy. It provides insights into how successful companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify manage customer information in the subscription economy. The book discusses strategies for delivering the right information to customers at the right time, which is a key challenge in customer information management. It also outlines eight essential growth strategies for subscription companies, which can be useful for businesses looking to thrive in the subscription economy.

The lessons from the book 'Subscribed' can be applied to enhance customer focus in today's subscription economy by implementing the eight essential growth strategies mentioned in the book. These strategies include understanding your customers' needs and preferences, providing them with the right information at the right time, and being flexible and adaptable to changes in the market. It's also important to constantly innovate and improve your services to keep up with the competition and retain your customers.

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Sales and growth strategies

In the subscription economy customers have plenty of information about your company—but they also have so much information that it can be hard for them to make choices. How can you get the right information to the people at the right time? There are eight essential growth strategies for a subscription company; you have to be willing and able embrace many of them at any given time.

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  1. The right customers – Your future customers will look closely at your first set of customers, so make sure your sales team acquires the right set of quality customers from the start.
  2. Reduce churn rate – Keep customers happily surprised on a regular basis (the specifics of how you do this will vary by company and industry). Ask yourself if there are customers you should not pursue. Think about the features and usage patterns that give customers ongoing value.
  3. Expand the sales team – After finding the right initial customers and reducing the churn rate, it's time to expand the sales team. Set up a hybrid sales model—one that mixes self-service and hands-on assistance—and invest in automation for the paperwork and menial tasks.
  4. Upsell and cross-sell – A strong customer relationship is one that allows you to upsell more feature-rich (and expensive) services; and, to cross-sell additional services that give a more comprehensive solution. To cross-sell you have to be willing to continually add more services, features, and functionality.
  5. New segment – A good subscription service can go anywhere. Box started as a cloud-storage company that targeted individuals; now, almost-all of its revenue comes from businesses.
  6. Go international – Today's business world is based on language, not location. A British newspaper like the Daily Mail gets 40% of its subscribers from the US. There are some operational challenges—regulatory stuff like licenses and taxes and figuring out payment gateways—but if you sell in one English-speaking country, you can sell in all of them.
  7. Acquisitions – Past a certain size there are no new customers to get. Growth now depends on increasing your value per customer, making acquisition strategies really important. Between 2010 and 2015 SurveyMonkey acquired six companies, making them the world's leading online survey platform.
  8. Optimize pricing and packaging – Spend a lot more time thinking about pricing—it will impact your bottom line far more than acquisition or retention. The best subscription companies update their pricing at least annually—which means they are thinking about pricing continually. Pricing is the one strategy that is the key growth lever behind the other seven strategies listed here.

Finance: the new income statement

Double-entry bookkeeping was formalized in the late 1400s by a Franciscan friar named Luca Pacioli. The basis is simple: for every financial transaction, the debt and credit columns have to match. A typical income statement starts with net sales, deducts costs of goods sold, and costs of things like sales, development, and administration, and ends with net income.

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The concept of Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR) has significantly influenced the business strategies of successful companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify. These companies have adopted a subscription-based model, which allows them to predict their revenue stream more accurately. This model provides a steady and predictable income, enabling these companies to plan their business strategies more effectively. They can invest in new features, services, or products, knowing they have a reliable income stream. Furthermore, ARR allows these companies to measure their growth and success more accurately, as they can track increases or decreases in their annual revenue.

Traditional retail businesses can implement the subscription model to boost their annual recurring revenue by first identifying a product or service that customers need or want on a regular basis. They can then package this into a subscription offering. It's important to ensure that the subscription provides value to the customer, either through convenience, cost savings, or exclusive benefits. Businesses should also focus on customer retention, as the subscription model relies heavily on repeat business. They can do this by providing excellent customer service, regularly updating their offerings, and using data to understand and meet customer needs.

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But, the standard income statement does not differentiate between recurring and non-recurring revenue—which is a problem when recurring revenue is the cornerstone of the subscription company. Also, it treats sales and marketing as a 'sunk' cost, rather than the key to driving the business forward. Finally, it is a backward-looking picture of what has already been earned and spent, not a forward-looking view of the company.

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The theme of focusing on ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue) growth over immediate profits is a significant part of contemporary debates on business growth strategies. This approach is particularly relevant to subscription-based businesses. The idea is to invest heavily in sales and marketing to grow the ARR, even if it means spending all of the company's profits. The rationale is that the revenue from the ARR growth will come in future quarters, leading to long-term profitability. This strategy is seen as a sustainable growth model and is why companies like Adobe, Netflix, and Spotify are successful. However, it's a subject of debate as it requires a balance between growth and profitability, and not all businesses may be able to sustain heavy upfront expenses.

Matching sales and marketing expenses to future revenue in a subscription business has several broader implications. Firstly, it allows for more accurate financial forecasting as it aligns costs with the revenue they generate. Secondly, it can justify higher spending on customer acquisition, as the return on investment is spread over the lifetime of the subscription. Lastly, it can lead to a focus on customer retention, as the longer a customer stays subscribed, the more profitable they become.

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For a subscription company the key financial metric is Annual Recurring Revenue or ARR—the amount that subscribers will pay you every year. Every quarter the subscription company looks at how much their ARR has grown. Start the period with a specific annual recurring revenue number. Assume a certain churn rate (which you try to keep as low as possible). Then, deduct recurring costs; what you need to spend to service that ARR. The difference between your recurring revenues and your recurring costs is your recurring profit margin.

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The biggest accounting difference is that in a subscription business sales and marketing expenses are matched to future revenue—because the sales and marketing spend this quarter adds to the ARR, but the revenue from the ARR growth will come in future quarters. It is perfectly rational for a subscription business to spend all of its profits on growth, i.e., sales and marketing, as long as it can grow ARR faster than recurring expenses.

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In a traditional business the CFO spends most of her/his time telling people what happened, and only a small percentage coming up with forecasts and strategy; in a subscription company that time focus is flipped.

IT for subscribers

The IT systems of most traditional businesses are focused on stock keeping units, not on subscribers. In a subscription company the system has to be able to tell you who your subscribers are, so that you can monetize customer relationships over time. It has to be able to conduct rapid price testing when trying to gauge the appetite for a new offering. It has to be easy for customers to sign up, upgrade, and renew. It has to be able to handle sales to both individuals and large enterprises; and be able to cope with high-volume recurring payments. And, it has to be able to measure recurring revenue.

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Legacy enterprise resource planning or ERP systems are designed to track pallets; they can't cope with the dynamic world of subscriptions where customers are constantly upgrading, downgrading, suspending, renewing, or adding services. The subscription company needs at IT system that can change the subscriber experience; change the pricing quickly; and give a single view of the customer's entire subscriber life cycle. In other words, it should be circular, not linear.

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Netflix knows it can spend $8 billion on original content next year because it can quickly report on its key business metrics: recurring costs, recurring profits, and the margin available to spend. In sum, IT is where the subscription company competes.

Subscription culture

Being a customer-focused company requires engineers who continually experiment; marketing people who focus on subscribers; a sales force with a clear path to growth; a finance team that drives the business model transformation; and an IT team that is launching new services and iterating. But beyond all this, being a customer-focused company requires a cultural change.

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At Zuora we call this culture PADRE: which stands for Pipeline, Acquire, Deploy, Run, and Expand. It's a way to visualize the company as an integrated organization of subsystems, all tied to the customer, supported by three core back-of-the-house subsystems: people, product, and money. Pipeline is building market awareness of your story to get an interested potential base of subscribers. The Acquire subsystem encompasses the buyer's journey—how does the potential subscriber make decisions? What are their alternative solutions? Deploy is all about getting customers up and running as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Questions and answers

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Sales, engineering, and customer support teams can collaborate to enhance the customer experience in a subscription-based business by working together to identify and solve problems. The sales team can set clear expectations for customers, while the engineering team can streamline the onboarding process. The customer support team can develop new metrics for client feedback. Regular meetings and open communication channels can facilitate this cross-functional coordination. It's also important to foster a culture of collaboration and shared goals, where each team understands how their role impacts the customer experience.

Customer feedback plays a crucial role in improving the onboarding process for subscription services. It provides valuable insights into the customer's experience, highlighting areas that are working well and those that need improvement. This feedback can help identify overly-slow processes or unnecessary steps in the onboarding process. It can also help in setting clearer expectations for customers. By acting on this feedback, companies can enhance their onboarding process, improve customer satisfaction, and ultimately increase their subscription rates.

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A subscription company's success depends on how well and how long your subscribers take advantage of the service; this is what we call Run. Finally, Expand: how do you retain and grow your subscribers.

These individual subsystems succeed thanks to cross-functional coordination. When there's a problem, such as an overly-slow process in getting people signed up to your service, people across all the subsystems have to be involved in finding the solution. Perhaps the sales group needs a clearer expectation-setting process for customers; while engineering can eliminate some of the onboarding steps; and customer support can develop new metrics for client feedback.

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The subscription model is the only one built entirely on the happiness of the customer—and, happy customers mean happy companies.

The Subscription Economy Index

The Subscription Economy Index (SEI) is based on data drawn from Zuora's finance platform for subscription businesses. The following are some of the interesting insights it reveals.

  • Between January 2012 and September 2017 subscription businesses grew revenues eight times faster than S&P 500 company revenues and five times faster than US retail sales
  • In the year ending March 2017 B2B companies in the SEI had 23% growth rates; B2C companies had 18% growth rates
  • Growth rates were fastest in SaaS (software as a service) companies, at 23%; followed by telecommunications (14%), Media (9%), and corporate services (4.4%)
  • Average annual growth rates are higher in larger subscription-based companies (they have more resources, networks, and distribution channels)
  • Average annual churn rates for companies in the SEI are 20-30%

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